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The Historical Imagination of Late Enlightenment.
Smyčka, Václav ; Činátl, Kamil (advisor) ; Maur, Eduard (referee) ; Tinková, Daniela (referee)
The dissertation deals with the transformations of historiography and perception of the historical time in the last third of 18th and at the beginning of the 19th centuries. The central questions it investigates are: How has the way of locating (Czech) society in time changed? How did representations of past fundamentally change between 1760s and 1820s, in the era of the so-called "Sattelzeit"? What is the relationship between these changes and the way in which history was represented? What impact did the changes of media, book markets, and culture of reading have in this time? What are the political and aesthetic consequences of these changes? The answer to these questions is found in five fundamental innovations of Enlightenment historiography. These innovations (understood according to Niklas Luhmann's system theory in order to reduce complexity) - fundamentally influenced the way in which late Enlightenment thinkers conceptualized the flow of historical time and the praxis of historiography. It is about the spread of cumulative concepts of knowledge in historia litteraria related to the growth of book markets, narrativisation of the historical experience (as a result of emergence of the newly incoming fictional genres of the historical novels),, philosophy of history as a new idealistic...
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The charakter of the German political culture in Masaryk´s concepts
Broklová, Eva
While at the break of World War I T. G. Masaryk intended to write a study related to the nature and charakter of nations, the following international circumstances prevented him to do so. This creates certain gap in Masaryk's views on the subject of what is called since mid-20th century political culture. Masaryk's decision to get involved in the exile struggles for an independent democratic Czechoslovakia seems to prove sufficiently that he viewed German philosophy of history, German political and germanization goals, as the greatest danger for the world development, including the Czech nation. The victory of the Allies and the fall of the Imperial Germany opened a new perspective for a democracy. From Masaryk´s fragmentary references, when he was a Czechoslovak President, it is clear that he was aware of the possibility of relapses of German aggression and even of dangers of nazism. But in his speeches he responded with restraints, hoping to influence the situation with positive ideas and encouragements.
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